Copy_article _ Policy analysis and prospect of Chinese cultural media industry
For a long time, China's cultural media industry has existed many levels of contradictions such as macro management, market competition, social responsibility and foreign integration. Solving these contradictions has become a major task in the new era. It is necessary to make efforts to reform both ideological construction and social function shaping.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that the main contradiction in Chinese society is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, which is a powerful ideological weapon to solve the reform problems of the cultural media industry and promote the cultural media industry to become bigger and stronger. From the ideological attribute of the industry, to meet the people's needs for multi-level cultural media products and services, we must firmly adhere to and constantly consolidate the socialist core values; In terms of the social and economic functions of the industry, we must constantly liberate and develop the productive forces of cultural media, reform and improve the relevant systems and mechanisms, and make great achievements in the supply of cultural media.
The ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era is for the people, inclusive, striving, and open. In this context, the production, dissemination, and consumption of cultural media in the new era continue to develop and upgrade, and interact and coordinate with all production and consumption activities in the whole society.
In recent years, the policy trend of the cultural media industry has fully demonstrated this basic development logic.
First, an epoch-making institutional reform
In March 2018, the CPC issued the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions, making major arrangements and arrangements for the establishment of institutions involving the cultural media industry. This major reform has a far-reaching impact on the development of the cultural media industry.
1. According to the plan, the Publicity Department of the CPC shall manage the press and publication work and the film work in a unified way, and the press and publication management responsibilities and film management responsibilities of the former State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television shall be transferred to the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. The Publicity Department affixed to the public the brand of the National Press and Publication Administration (National Copyright Administration) and the brand of the State Film Administration.
Set up the State Administration of Radio and Television on the basis of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television management responsibilities, as an agency directly under The State Council, no longer retain the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and television. Integrate television (China International Television), People's Radio and China Radio International, set up the Radio and Television General Station, as a public institution directly under The State Council, under the leadership of the Propaganda Department. The establishment of television stations (China International Television), People's Radio and China Radio International shall be abolished. Internally, the original call sign is retained, and externally, the unified call sign is "Voice of China".
The Propaganda Department is both "the top" and "the ground", unified management of the press, publication and film work, leadership of radio and television, Internet and information technology work, help to deepen reform, improve work efficiency, form a joint force for development, improve the quality of development, has epoch-making significance.
2, the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (referred to as the Ministry of Culture and Tourism) is another major reform measure. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism is responsible for overall planning of the development of cultural undertakings, cultural industries and tourism, in-depth implementation of cultural projects to benefit the people, organization and implementation of cultural resources survey, excavation and protection, maintenance of various cultural markets, including the tourism market order, strengthening cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and promoting the "going global" of Chinese culture. After the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Culture and the National Tourism Administration will no longer be retained.
The definition of the functions of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism sends a great signal to the cultural tourism industry: literature and art should "move" and "walk" up, and go out to the society; Tourism should be combined with cultural inheritance, integration, opening up and development.
3. Optimize the responsibilities of the Office of the Network Security and Information Technology Committee (referred to as the Network Information Office), and further improve the management system of the network information business and the network information industry. The National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center, formerly managed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, was put under the administration of the Cyberspace Administration. This initiative will unify the content security and technical security of cyberspace, and realize the integrated management of the entire chain of the Internet and information industry.
4. Set up a leading group for education to serve as the party's decision-making coordination body. The secretary group of the Leading Group for Education Work is located in the Ministry of Education.
Education is the foundation of cultural inheritance and development, and is related to the direction and road of reform and development of the cultural media industry. The leading group for education will be set up to study and deploy ideological, political and ideological work in the field of education, review the national education development strategy, medium and long-term planning, major education policies and institutional reform programs, and coordinate solutions to major problems in education, which will have a significant impact on the long-term development of the cultural media industry.
The establishment or adjustment of the above institutions is directly related to the strategic positioning, target direction, structural layout, reform and development path, market mechanism, and macro-management of the cultural media industry, and has a long-term impact on the formulation and implementation of policies and practical work.
Second, promote financial media construction and structural adjustment
In 2018, the Party and The State Council vigorously promoted the construction of financial media, and various departments around the country launched a series of measures to accelerate the transformation of mainstream media units, and the construction of financial media entered an "acceleration period".
1. Actively promote the strategic process of reducing the pressure of paper media and integrating media.
In the Internet era, newspapers, magazines and other paper media are shrinking rapidly due to long publishing cycle and poor distribution time. Since 2014, the reduction process of print media, such as edition reduction, merger, and closure has accelerated, and practitioners have transferred to Internet media. Mainstream paper media have increased investment, strengthened the construction of websites and clients, and transferred to wechat and other algorithm ports.
In 2018, the process of reducing the pressure of paper media and integrating media was significantly accelerated. Some grade paper media have also compressed the layout and invested more manpower, material resources and financial resources in the construction of financial media. The municipal media in Beijing has accelerated the adjustment and has the role of policy demonstration and guidance.
In August, Beijing Morning Post announced that its paper edition would cease publication at the end of 2018. On August 21, the wechat public account of the Beijing Times, which had ceased publication on January 1, 2017, moved its wechat public account "Governor of Chang 'an Street" as a whole, and the name "Beijing Times" withdrew from the historical stage. On October 31, the Beijing News News client was launched. Beijing promoted the in-depth integration of the Beijing News, Qianlong.com and Beijing Morning Post, concentrating resources to build a "Beijing" brand news website and mobile client, and the Beijing Morning Post was closed. Subsequently, the "Legal Evening News" announced that it would suspend publication from January 1, 2019, and the "Legal Evening News" editorial team would organically integrate with the editorial team of Beijing Youth Newspaper, a superior unit, to focus on creating a media platform for Beijing Youth Newspaper - "Beijing Headlines" client.
Beijing first, Tianjin will follow. In June and July 2018, the team of Tianjin Daily New Media Center merged into the News Kitchen media fusion project "Jinyun" platform of Tianjin Radio and Television Institute. After that, the editorial departments of Tianjin Daily and its sub-newspapers also collectively moved to the Tianjin Radio compound. On November 13, Tianjin Haihe Media Center was officially established as a public institution directly under the Municipal Party Committee, and no longer retained Tianjin Daily, Jinwan Newspaper, Tianjin Radio and Television, Tianjin Radio and Television Media Group Co., LTD., Tianjin Press Printing Center, and China Technology Market Newspaper.
In order to encourage the transformation of traditional paper media, the National Cyberspace Administration and provincial Cyberspace Administration issued the "Internet News Information Service License" to paper media websites in accordance with the "Internet News Information Service Management Regulations", and most paper media obtained the relevant qualifications. This policy measure provides institutional support for the transformation of paper media.
As of December 31, 2018, a total of 761 Internet news information service units have been approved by Internet information departments at all levels. Including 743 Internet sites, 563 applications, 119 forums, 23 blogs, 3 microblogs, 2,285 public accounts, 1 instant messaging tool, 13 webcasts, 15 other services, a total of 3,765 service items.
In order to comply with the general trend of media reform, media authorities and industry associations have also adjusted the news award mechanism. In July 2018, the New Media Professional Committee of the China Journalists Association was established in Beijing, and the Media Integration Award was added to the China News Awards. The award has set up a total of 6 selection projects, respectively, short video news, mobile live broadcast, new media creative interaction, new media brand column, new media reporting interface and integrated innovation, with a total of 50 awards.
At the same time, we will strengthen the copyright protection of news reports. One is to set a precedent. In October 2018, the court of Jiangsu Province made a final judgment, Today's headlines (Beijing Bytedance Technology Co., LTD.) for unauthorized reprinting of four Modern Express articles, compensation for economic losses of 100,000 yuan and related reasonable expenses of 10,100 yuan in accordance with the law. The court ruled that the evidence available to ByteDance was insufficient to prove that Toutiao only provided a linked service; Even if it only provides a link service, it is not exempt from liability.
Second, we need to improve relevant mechanisms. In April 2018, the Beijing Municipal People's Court issued the Guidelines for the Trial of Copyright Infringement Cases in the Beijing Municipal People's Court. In December, the Higher People's Court issued the Provisions of the Higher People's Court on Several Issues relating to the Application of Law in the Review of Intellectual Property Dispute Act Preservation Cases, including four aspects: procedural rules, substantive rules, mistaken identification and handling of act preservation applications, and lifting of act preservation measures. A series of national and local judicial regulations are of great significance to improving the trial quality of intellectual property cases, including copyright cases.
In July and December, the National Copyright Administration, the State Internet Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Public Security launched the "Sword Network 2018" special action, aiming at copyright problems in the emerging short video field, taking multiple measures and striking hard, and cracking down on all kinds of infringement and piracy in the short video field.
On December 15, more than 30 mainstream financial media launched the establishment of the "China Financial Media Copyright Protection Alliance" to jointly resist the unauthorized reprinting of news works, improve the bargaining power of the reprinting of works, and promote the realization of normal monitoring and rights protection, market-oriented trading.
2. Guide the development of emerging financial media institutions and "we media".
In recent years, not only Sina, Tencent, NetEase and other original financial media with Internet technology as a strong means of competition continue to attract a large number of users, but also the birth of Bytedance, Kuaishou, little information and other new financial media companies.
At the end of June 2018, the total number of domestic daily active users (DAU) and monthly active users (MAU) of ByteDance's products exceeded 400 million. The DAU of Douyin has exceeded 250 million, and the MAU has exceeded 500 million. The total use time of its independent App has surpassed Baidu and Alibaba, ranking second only to Tencent. By the end of November 2018, Kuahand had 130 million DAUs, more than 60 minutes of daily use, more than 15 million pieces of user-generated content (UGC) per day, and 7 billion pieces of original short video inventory. It has 280 million MAUs, 640 million installs, and 60 minutes per person per day.
At the same time, the form of we-media platforms represented by wechat public accounts is changing with each passing day, and the scale is growing rapidly. However, the author believes that the definition of the so-called "we media" is actually inaccurate. The function of media should include information acquisition, selection, filtering, editing, production, etc. We media is also the media, is personalized, small-scale, self-auditing, non-institutionalized, with Internet accounts as the publishing platform of information publishing body. Not as long as there is a technology platform, individuals register a number, can post, stickers, audio and video clips, even if it is a self-media - it can only be called "personal electronic notebook".
For these emerging financial media organizations and "we media" groups, administrative management and industry self-discipline management need to be implemented according to law. At present, efforts have been strengthened in this area, but there are still many institutional weaknesses.
3. Manage the chaos of online media and online platforms in stages.
In 2018, the management department issued a series of regulations to make up for the shortcomings of the system. In February, the State Internet Information Office published the Regulations on the Management of Microblog Information Services. In August, the Office of the National "Anti-Pornography and Illegal Publications" working group, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of network Broadcast Services", which proposed a number of governance measures. In December, in response to the chaos in the field of financial information services, the State Internet Information Office issued the "Regulations on the Management of Financial Information Services", which clarified that financial information service providers engaged in Internet news information services, statutory licenses or financial businesses that should be registered should obtain corresponding qualifications, and accept the supervision and management of relevant competent departments.
In order to strengthen the effective connection between criminal crackdown and administrative supervision, further exert the cybersecurity supervision function of public security organs, and standardize supervision and inspection behaviors, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Provisions on Internet Security Supervision and Inspection of Public Security Organs in 2018. The Ministry of Public Security jointly formulated and issued the Provisions on Internet Information Service Network Security Assessment with Public Opinion and Social Mobilization Functions, requiring Internet information service providers to carry out security assessments on their own or by entrusting a third party.
From the perspective of protecting minors, on April 20, 2018, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Urgent Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Preventing Primary and Secondary School students from becoming addicted to Online Education Guidance"; On August 24, the State Administration of Radio and Television drafted and formed the Regulations on the Administration of Programs for Minors (Draft for Comments); Earlier, in May, the "Regulations on the Protection of Minors Online (Draft for review)" was formed.
The media should make their voices heard and strengthen public opinion guidance. On October 23, 26, 2018, People's Daily Online issued four articles criticizing the "chaos of our media accounts" and calling for the return of our media space to health and order. On October 23 and 25, Xinhua News Agency published three articles exposing the chaos of the underground "manuscript washing" industry chain of the self-media, the "leek cutting" of the insurance self-media, and the "black public relations" of the self-media. On November 10, CCTV's "Focus Interview" and "News Broadcast" reported that there were six major problems in the self-media, such as vulgar pornography, headline party, rumors, black public relations, brush volume, and pseudo-original.
The administrative departments have, in stages, carried out rectification of various websites, mobile clients, forum post bars, instant messaging tools, live broadcast platforms, etc., according to law.
Since March 2018, the State Internet Information Office has launched a special rectification campaign and shut down 70 live streaming apps related to pornography and gambling in accordance with the law. Relevant platforms have banned nearly 5,000 streamer accounts involving minors and deleted about 300,000 short videos.
On November 12, 2018, the State Internet Information Office released the special action on the centralized cleaning up and rectification of self-media accounts, and disposed of more than 9,800 self-media accounts such as "Donald Said", "Fu Seoul", "Zizhu Zhang", "You beam light", "Welfare bar", "wild history secrets" and "late-night videos" according to the law and regulations.
The State Internet Information Office (CAC) listed five problems in the existence of we-media: (1) spreading politically harmful information, maliciously tampering with Party history and national history, denigrating heroes, and smearing the national image; (2) Create rumors, spread false information, act as a "headline party", profit from rumors, attract attention with fake, and disturb the normal social order; Wanton dissemination of vulgar pornographic information, contrary to public order and good customs, challenge the moral bottom line, damage the healthy growth of the majority of young people; ④ The use of a large number of self-media accounts in their hands to maliciously marketing, engaging in "black public relations", extortion, infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of normal enterprises or individuals, and challenging the legal bottom line; 5. Wanton plagiarism and infringement, wantonly wash the manuscript circle powder, build false traffic, and destroy the normal communication order.
National Internet letter
